The Brown Bess refers to the British Army's muzzle-loading smoothbore Land Pattern Musket and its derivatives. This musket was used extensively during the era of British Empire expansionism for over a hundred years with many incremental changes in its design. Britain’s Brown Bess flintlock musket is simply one of the most important military arms ever devised. Beginning its life more than 200 years ago, helped to win the entire continent of India. The Brown Bess musket was loaded using a paper cartridge that included about 100 grains of coarse black powder (called, simply, “gunpowder” at the time) and a one-ounce, .71-caliber round lead ball. Caliber of the gun was .75, and the difference in ball and bore diameter, called “windage,” allowed for ease of loading, especially when the musket became fouled